Reverse Mount Macro

Reverse Mount Macro

Stamping Out Gender Discrimination to Prevent Hiv/aids

Stamping out Gender Discrimination

to Prevent HIV/AIDS

Anirudha Alam

Gender discrimination saps social consistency jeopardizing health and educational development. It is increasingly recognized as a key factor that makes women gravely vulnerable to AIDS and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Improving and intensifying poverty reduction strategies pragmatically, overall development programs should be en-gendered. Otherwise development achievements may be endangered failing to contain epidemic.

Approximately 17.7 million women were living with HIV/AIDS in 2006 all over the world. Multiple vulnerabilities like social, cultural, economical and biological factors intertwined as a vicious circle may make prevalence sky-high anytime among women in the developing countries of Asia. So we have to raise a clarion call on combating the spread of epidemic through ensuring gender equality.

Gender discrimination promotes unequal access to resources and opportunities, sexual violence, practice of unprotected sex, women trafficking and women’s paltry representation and participation in social development activities. All of this result in power disparities that characterize personal relationships between male and female undermine the development of not only women but also a nation to a great extent. In this context, capitalizing on capacity building initiatives for vulnerable women encompassing sensitization, training & orientation, exchanging information, experience & views and networking may play an important role to reduce the incidents of HIV as a whole.

Having significant and multifaceted impact on public health, education, technology, business and administration sector as well as on demography, household, macro economy and society on a great scale, HIV/AIDS continues to spread in Asia and the Pacific. Comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention programs have been initiated successfully in some countries. Nonetheless several grave factors like illiteracy, gender inequality, unprotected extra marital sexual behavior, increasing use of intravenous drugs, isolation from generic health care services as well as lack of outreach treatment and care services are contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS gradually from most-at-risk population to the general population. As a result, the number of HIV infections among women is increasing day by day. This is why focusing very appropriately and timely on the importance of women empowerment, policy makers should be made gender sensitized necessarily.

Adopting an inter-sectoral approach to gender equality and establishing links between gender, development and HIV/AIDS, vulnerable nations have to have technical supports to confront epidemic. There is no alternative to integrate gender into such major development areas as good governance, poverty alleviation, disaster management & recovery, sustainable environment promotion, information & development communication (IDC) as well as HIV/AIDS prevention.

An in-depth study entitled ‘The impact of women empowerment on HIV/AIDS prevention in Bangladesh’ conducted by BEES (Bangladesh Extension Education Services) indicates that women are mostly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS due to their inherited conservative behavior, beliefs in superstitions and religious dogmas. They are deprived of enjoying their minimal rights as well. Consequently they are affected by gender discrimination severely. A recent survey initiated by Rainbow Nari O Shishu Kallayan Foundation showed that only 22% young women (15-25 years) had heard of HIV/AIDS and do not know how to protect themselves from AIDS/STIs.

HIV/AIDS epidemic is mounting all over the world especially in the developing countries being the greatest impediment to human development. Young girls and women are greatly vulnerable due to their lack of power and means to protect themselves from practice of unsafe sex and ignorance as regards reproductive health. Through a gender lens, multisectoral development strategies should be both pro-poor and pro-women supporting the integration of HIV/AIDS prevention into the development planning activities. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are intended to halve extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. So in the course of reducing poverty, promotion of gender equitable behaviors through gender awareness will be able to contribute to reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS as per the desired achievement .

Anirudha Alam

Deputy Director

(Information & Development Communication)

BEES (Bangladesh Extension Education Services)

183, Lane 2, Eastern Road, New DOHS

Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206

Bangladesh.

Website:http://www.bees-bd.org, http://www.newsletter.com.bd/anirudha

Phone:+8801718342876, +8802 9889732, +88029889733 (office), +88028050514 (res.)

E-mail: anirudha.alam@gmail.com, info@bees-bd.org, bees@worldnetbd.net

Ref: UNDP, UNESCO, World Bank

About the Author

Anirudha Alam is a prominent AIDS researcher and working in a national NGO BEES (Bangladesh Extension Education Services) as a Deputy Director (Information & Development Communication). He writes and edits more than forty books and a good number of articles on various issues like women empowerment, human rights, education awareness, social development, income generating activities, environment awareness, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS awareness, juvenile literature, short stories and so on. His noteworthy books are Kulsums and Karims (a collection of success stories of disadvantaged people of Bangladesh), Kulsums (a collection of success stories of disadvantaged & destitute women of Bangladesh), The Reflections (a collection of posters on literacy & education of Bangladesh), Towards a New Hope, Social Assistance Message Collection, Social Assistance Advocacy Manual, Eaisab Rat Din (a collection of juvenile poems), Du Sha Bachharer Sera Bangla Kishor Galapa (a collection of juvenile Bengali stories of two hundred years) etc.

Reverse mount lens for dSLR?

Yeah, macro for the poor. I was looking into it and I was wondering a few things.

How does it work? What would I need for it?

Which of these lenses would be best suited for it?

1) Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS
2) Canon F-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS
3) Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 II

All you really need for reverse mount macro photography is a roll of tape and two lenses. You can determine magnification by dividing the focal length of the first lens by the focal length of the second.

In your case, you could achieve maximum magnification by attaching your 55-250mm to the camera, zooming in to 250mm, then reverse-mounting the 18-55mm zoomed out to 18mm. An object of a given size will be projected over an area of sensor 13.8x greater than itself. In other words, a grain of rice will fill the frame.

The problem with reverse mount macro photography is the working f-stop. When you reverse mount a lens, you're turning the exit pupil on the second lens into the entrance pupil of the optical system. As exit pupils tend to be small, you will need a *brutal* amount of light to take handheld pictures this way.

Focus will also be fixed. You will have to achieve focus by moving the camera physically closer or further away from the subject. It goes without saying that DOF will be razor thin, and you will be shooting wide open all the time, since you can only stop down the intermediary lens that's attached to your camera, and not the objective lens that's reversed over the front of it.

You may get better results from the 50mm f/1.8 simply because the exit pupil is larger. Experiment! It's digital, after all. If you dig the effect, consider purchasing a standalone reversal ring. I personally don't feel like I use the technique often enough to justify the cost, but that's just me.

Edwin: I don't think we're going to see eye-to-eye on this. I am proposing a stopgap measure so that Squid can assess the utility of the technique. More serious than the risk of damaging a lens is the risk of buying the reversal ring without experience or context, using it once, balking at the limitations, and consigning it to a junk drawer. I know that mine is already full of junk. What about yours?

Huff and Doback 1: Battleground Explorins ( Fun in Arathi Basin and Alterac Valley)

Fotodiox 58mm Filter Thread Lens, Macro Reverse Ring Camera Mount Adapter for Canon EOS 1d,1ds,Mark II, III, IV, 5D, Mark II, 7D, 10D, 20D, 30D, 40D, 50D, 60D, Digital Rebel xt, xti, xs, xsi, t1i, t2i, 300D, 350D, 400D, 450D, 500D, 550D, 1000D
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